1. Justin Rose Slow Motion Driver
2. Dustin Johnson Slow Motion Driver
3. Rory Mcilroy Slow Motion Driver Swing
4. Slow Motion Driver Golf Swing Video

The Air Motion Transformer (AMT) is a type of electroacoustictransducer. Invented by noted physicist and scientist Dr. Oskar Heil (1908–1994), it operates on a different transduction principle from other loudspeaker designs, such as moving coil, planar magnetic or electrostatically driven loudspeakers, and should not be confused with planar or true ribbon loudspeakers. In contrast to a planar ribbon loudspeaker, the diaphragm of the AMT is of pleated shape similar to a bellows. The AMT moves air laterally in a perpendicular motion using a metal-etched folded sheet made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The circuit path embossed on the PET membrane, acts as the voice coil unit. The diaphragm (now, as a unit) is then housed between 4 stacks of steel pole-plate pieces positioned at 45° within a high-intensity, quadratic, opposing magnetic field. The air motion transformer with its sheet film equally exposed at 180° behaves as a dipole speaker, exciting front and rear sonic waves simultaneously.

Motion control products Powering machine innovations. ABB offers an extensive range of motion and machine control solutions for diverse industrial applications such as labeling, packaging, bottling, pick and place, laser cutting/trimming, stacking, cut-to-length, flying shear, web feeders and high speed rotary wrappers.

How it works[edit]

• Motion controllers support pairing with a single PC. Follow instructions on motion controller setup to pair your controllers. How do I update motion controller firmware? Motion controller firmware is part of the headset driver and will be updated automatically on connection, if necessary.
• MotionDriver6 InvenSense Motion Driver 6.0 beta 9-axis solution compatible with all ARM Mx core architectures. All relevant documentation is included in the zip file or can be found on the Developer Kit page.
• Download driver This page contains drivers for SONY Motion EYE Camera manufactured by Sony Electronics™. Please note we are carefully scanning all the content on our website for viruses and trojans.

The diaphragm pushes back and forward from itself in a physical motion similar to that observed when an accordion is pushed in and pulled out to pump air though the reed chambers, albeit over an exceedingly smaller motion range. The result is a dipole driver with an extraordinarily rapid response rate, enabled by the extremely low mass of the polyethylene substrate and the far smaller distance it travels on each 'swing' compared to a dynamic driver. In this technical respect, it shares characteristics with an electrostatic driver.

The discernible motion of each diaphragm flexure is very small, but because of the folded structure, more air is moved than would be by a conventional cone or electrostatic driver of the same plotted surface area. As a matter of surface comparison, a standard 1-inch-wide (25 mm) AMT strip has a functional driver area comparable to an 8-inch-diameter (200 mm) circular dynamic cone. The folded driver design, combined with the small motion range, means the AMT acts like a point source version of a larger driver, inherently resulting in lower sound reproduction distortion. The speed of the air as it leaves the diaphragm is approximately five times faster than the speed of the actual driver structure, hence the name Air Motion Transformer.

Application/use[edit]

While suited very well for high frequencies, the AMT can reproduce sound down to 650 Hz. Consequently, the most common use for the AMT driver in consumer electronics today is as a midrange-tweeter or tweeter in high-end multi-driver speakers, sometimes paired with horns, or in the case of Precide's speaker products, with an upward-firing woofer driver.

In the tweeter market, the AMT competes against electrostatic, ribbon and electrodynamic tweeters. While apparently very good as a mid-tweeter or full tweeter, the AMT is not commonly employed in lower frequency speakers. This is due mainly to the AMT's characteristics of a dipole sound radiator, which makes enclosure in traditional speaker cabinets difficult without sacrificing sound quality or employing sound reflex baffles. Crossover points are design decisions (depending on the model application, using a cut-off frequency of 18 dB at 800 Hz, or 1 kHz).

Consumer products[edit]

The AMT was first used in 1972 by ESS (ElectroStatic Sound Systems), a California company based in Sacramento. The first speaker was aptly named AMT1. Appearing as a short lopped pyramid, the system combined the AMT transducer with a 10-inch ported woofer. The big brother to the AMT1 was named AMT1Tower. This cabinet design employed a transmission line labyrinth for the woofer. Subsequent designs of AMT cabinets replaced the smaller woofer with a 12-inch woofer and passive radiator. This gave the speaker better low-frequency response characteristics. Another consumer favorite named AMT3, also known as Rock Monitor, was a configuration using 1 AMT, a 6.5-inch mid-range and twin 10-inch woofers.

Consumers were able to get components from the Sacramento-based company until 2006. From 2006 to 2008, air motion transformers were made available directly to the European consumer as the company closed its doors in California and relocated to Germany. A new line of modern audiophile speakers utilizing the AMT were then offered as well. After failing to meet sales projections, the company then relocated back to California. From 2009 to the present they now source all component manufacturing to mainland China, with one exception being the membrane, a polyester film now used in all applications. Polyester film is purported to be of greater longevity, while the original polyethylene remains popular due to critical acclaim of its response characteristics. Although all patents for AMT design expired by mid-2004, the company continues to produce speakers using the same technology. Some adornments and style changes were employed in attempts to increase sales, which have been met with considerable consumer consternation. The AMT design enjoys a small following of enthusiasts worldwide, mostly as a stand-alone accoutrement to existing end-user arrangements.^{[citation needed]}

See also[edit]

Many consumers find AMT tweeters to offer 90% of the acoustic benefits of the 'true ribbon' tweeters such as RAAL, for a fraction of the cost. They have become especially popular since the internet-direct speaker company Emotiva (based in Tennessee) introduced their Air Motive series which offer outstanding price-to-performance compared to other AMT designs such as those by Martin Logan and GoldenEar.

External links[edit]

• ESS Speakers Home Page /Web Archive/

Heil's 'Air Motion Transformer' US patents

• US#3,636,278 issued Jan 18, 1972 Describes the Heil AMT variations, some of which resemble the ELAC JET transducer
• US#3,832,499 issued Aug. 2, 1974. (Describes the Heil AMT embodiment used in the ESS AMT series)
• US#4,056,697 issued Nov 1, 1977. Movable diaphragm connector method flexible hinge diaphragm surround and...
• US#4,039,044 issued Aug 2, 1977. (Low-frequency AMT. The patent also describes the principle used by Tymphany for their LAT transducer including the embodiment type)
• US#4,107,479 Aug 15, 1978. (Further refinements of the low-frequency AMT)
• US#4,160,883 Jul 10, 1979. Acoustic transducer and method of making same

Our motion controllers come in five basic categories:

• Brushed DC motor drivers are the simplest modules in the sense that all they do is provide power amplification for low-level control signals (e.g. PWM and direction) supplied by the user; on the other hand, that means that the master device to which the motor driver is connected must take care of the low-level, resource-consuming signal generation.
• Brushed DC motor controllers are DC motor drivers with additional intelligence: an on-board microcontroller generates the low-level signals and presents the user with higher-level interfaces and commands. For example, our dual serial motor controllers allow two DC motors to be controlled by a single serial line, and the master controller simply issues commands only when the speeds of the motors should be changed. Other motor controllers are even more complex, incorporating advanced acceleration commands, current sensing, feedback-based control, and more.
• Stepper motor drivers are specifically designed to drive stepper motors, which are capable of continuous rotation with precise position control, even without a feedback system. Our stepper motor drivers offer adjustable current control and multiple step resolutions, and they feature built-in translators that allow a stepper motor to be controlled with simple step and direction inputs.
• Tic Stepper Motor Controllers are stepper motor drivers with additional intelligence: an on-board microcontroller generates the low-level signals and presents the user with higher-level interfaces and commands, such as USB for direct connection to a computer, TTL serial and I²C for use with a microcontroller, RC hobby servo pulses for use in an RC system, analog voltages for use with a potentiometer or analog joystick, and quadrature encoder for use with a rotary encoder dial. The Tics also offer a wide array of settings that can be configured over USB through a free software utility.
• RC servo controllers are quite different from the other two kinds of modules since they are made specifically for radio control (RC) hobby servos, which have built-in power circuitry. RC servos are popular because they are low-cost packages that include a motor, gearbox, and control circuitry with feedback, and they are often a compelling choice for projects that include many degrees of freedom, such as robot arms and walking robots. RC servo controllers are interfaces between a primary controller (such as a computer or microcontroller) and the many servos, which can become a burden for the primary controller to control directly. Features to look for in a servo controller include how many servos it can control, the resolution and range it can support (our servo controllers support 5000 positions over a range that exceeds what any servo can achieve mechanically), and extra control options such as speed control (sometimes referred to as ramping) and the ability to disable servos that are not in use.

Subcategories

Take command of the speed and direction of your brushed DC motors using these controllers. This category includes single and dual serial motor controllers with a variety of features such as analog, RC, or USB control, speed/position feedback, channel mixing, and more.

Single and dual motor driver carriers get your brushed DC motor projects up and running quickly using modern H-bridges with high-performance MOSFETs that deliver hundreds of watts in a compact package. Give these boards a PWM signal and make your motors go!

The Tic offers simple control of bipolar stepper motors directly from a variety of interfaces, including USB, TTL serial, I²C, hobby radio control (RC), analog voltage (potentiometer), and quadrature encoder signals.

With features like adjustable current limiting and selectable microstep resolutions, these drivers make it easy to get a stepper motor running with simple step and direction control interfaces.

Pololu’s Maestro servo controllers offer industry-leading resolution and stability for precise, jitter-free control of your RC servos. Features include a native USB interface, separate speed and acceleration settings for each servo, internal scripting control, and channels configurable as general purpose I/O.

Justin Rose Slow Motion Driver

Related products

Dustin Johnson Slow Motion Driver

Rory Mcilroy Slow Motion Driver Swing

Related categories

Slow Motion Driver Golf Swing Video